Bibliography
Extracts can be found here https://clas.warwick.ac.uk/Extracts/Index/AM421
All other texts are a) in the library b) online through JSTOR or other library databases c) ebooks accessed through the library.
The following books will be used throughout the course and should be consulted as necessary
Peter H. Smith, Drug Policy in the Americas
William O. Walker, Drug Control in the Americas
For histories of individual countries, students should consult the relevant chapters of The Cambridge History of Latin America
WARNING: Most weeks you will be asked to read a few chapters. But, on a few occasions you will be asked to read entire books. This is a) the job of a historian b) often the best way to access and understand complex issues.
If you are a bit of a slow reader, it might be best to start these relatively early. They are
Johann Hari, Chasing the scream : the search for the truth about addiction
Misha Glenny, Nemesis : one man and the battle for Rio's biggest slum or Robert Gay, Lucia or Robert Gay, Bruno.
Oscar Martinez and Juan Martinez, The Hollywood Kid: The Violent Life and Violent Death of an MS-13 Hitman
Shaylih Muehlmann, When I Wear My Alligator Boots: Narco-Culture in the U.S. Mexico Borderlands
Terrence Poppa, Drug lord : the life & death of a Mexican kingpin : a true story
Week 1 Introduction: The Drug Trade: Approaches
This course deals with four approaches to the drug trade
1) The social and cultural construction of narcotics as commodities
2) Organized crime and its relation with the state
3) U.S. Foreign Policy in Latin America
4) The effects of the drug trade and criminality on communities and individuals
In this class we shall go over expectations for the course and cover these basic themes.
Week 2: Drugs and Drug Policy
Why are some drugs illegal and some not?
Johann Hari, Chasing the scream : the search for the truth about addiction (CORE READING)
How should we study the history of drugs?
What are the stages of the Latin American drug trade?
Isaac Campos and Paul Gootenberg, “Toward a New Drug History of Latin America: A Research Frontier at the Center of Debates,”, Hispanic American Historical Review, 95, no. 1 (Feb. 2015): 1-35. GROUP 1
What makes a drug?
How should we study narcotics?
David R. Mares, Drug Wars and Coffeehouses, The Political Economy of the International Drug Trade, Chapters 1 and 2 GROUP 2
What are the main challenges of drug policy in the Americas?
Peter H. Smith, "The Political Economy of Drugs" Conceptual Issues and Policy Options" in Peter H. Smith (ed), Drug Policy in the Americas, pp. 1-22 (GROUP 3)
David T. Courtwright, Forces of Habit (In library as ebook)
Week 3: The early US drug trade
Why did the US prohibit narcotics?
Please use David F. Musto, The American Disease: Origins of Narcotic Control and James Swartz, Substance Abuse in America: A Documentary and Reference Guide for the background to all US sections of the course. Both are in the library as ebooks.
David Musto, The American Disease: Origins of Narcotic Control, Chapters 2 and 3 (In library as ebook) (CORE READING)
Why was drug selling made illegal in Chicago? What effects did this have on the drug market? How did race affect drug prohibition?
Joseph Spillane, "The Making of an Underground Market: Drug Selling in Chicago, 1900-1940" Journal of Social History, Vol. 32, No. 1 (Autumn, 1998), pp. 27-47 (GROUP 1)
Is there something essentially American about drug prohibition? If so, what? How does "modernity" connect to drug prohibition?
Timothy A. Hickman, "Mania Americana": Narcotic Addiction and Modernity in the United States, 1870-1920 The Journal of American History, Vol. 90, No. 4 (Mar., 2004), pp. 1269-1294 (GROUP 2)
How did ideas on gender affect drug taking and drug prohibition?
Mara L. Keire,"Dope Fiends and Degenerates: The Gendering of Addiction in the Early Twentieth Century Journal of Social History, Vol. 31, No. 4 (Summer, 1998), pp. 809-822 (GROUP 3)
How did ideas of race affect early drug prohibition?
Diana Ahmed, Opium smoking, anti‐Chinese attitudes, and the American medical community, 1850–1890, American Nineteenth Century History, (2000) (GROUP 4)
James Swartz, Substance Abuse in America: A Documentary and Reference Guide, 2-6, 13-19 (In library as ebook)
Dark Paradise: Opiate Addiction In America Before 1940. by David T. Courtwright
Cocaine: From Medical Marvel to Modern Menace in the United States, 1884-1920 by Joseph F. Spillane
Week 4: Mid-century US Drug Control, Marijuana Tax Act, Harry Anslinger, and the Federal Bureau of Narcotics
How did US drug policy change from 1920 to 1960?
Susan L. Speaker, "The Struggle of Mankind against Its Deadliest Foe": Themes of Counter-Subversion in Anti-Narcotic Campaigns, 1920-1940, Journal of Social History, Vol. 34, No. 3 (Spring, 2001), pp. 591-610 CORE READING
What connections were there between US foreign policy and drug prohibition? To what extent were these connections the work of Harry Anslinger?
Mark Pembleton, "Imagining a Global Sovereignty: U.S. Counternarcotic Operations in Istanbul during the Early Cold War and the Origins of the Foreign “War on Drugs”Journal of Cold War Studies, Volume 18, Number 2, Spring 2016, pp. 28-63 (GROUP 1)
How important was Harry Anslinger to 1950s drug prohibition?
Phil Nicholas y Andrew Churchill, "The Federal Bureau of Narcotics, the States, and the Origins of Modern Drug Enforcement in the United States, 1950-1962", Contemporary Drugs Problems 39 (2012): 595-640 (GROUP 2)
How important was Harry Anslinger to early drug prohibition?
Douglas Clarck Kinder, «Bureaucratic Cold Warrior: Harry J. Anslinger and ilicit narcotic traffic», Pacific Historical Review 50 (1981) (GROUP 3)
Who smoked marijuana and why did they ban it?
Michael Schaller, "The Federal Prohibition of Marihuana," Journal of Social History, Vol. 4, No. 1 (Autumn, 1970), pp. 61-74 and Isaac Campos, Mexicans and the Origins of Marijuana Prohibition in the United States: A Reassessment, Social History of Alcohol and Drugs, (2018) (GROUP 4)
Mark Pembleton, Containing Addiction:: The Federal Bureau of Narcotics and the Origins of America's Global Drug War
David Musto, The American Disease: Origins of Narcotic Control, Chapter 9 (In library as ebook)
James Swartz, Substance Abuse in America: A Documentary and Reference Guide, 56-67, 77-86, 87-99
Kathleen J. Frydl, The Drug Wars in America, 1940–1973 (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2013).
Mark Pembleton, Containing Addiction:: The Federal Bureau of Narcotics and the Origins of America's Global Drug War
Doug Valentine, The Strength of the Wolf: Secret History of America's War on Drugs
Assassin of youth : a kaleidoscopic history of Harry J. Anslinger's war on drugs / Alexandra Chasin (in library as ebook)
Alan Block y John C. McWilliams, «On the Origins of American Counterintelligence: Building a Clandestine Network», Journal of Policy History 1, n.o 4 (1979)
John C. McWilliams, The Protectors: Harry J. Anslinger and the Federal Bureau of Narcotics, 1930-1962 (Newark: University of Delaware Press, 1990)
Eric Schneider, Smack: Heroin and the Postwar City
Marijuana Policy
"The Puzzle of the Social Origins of the Marihuana Tax Act of 1937" John F. Galliher, Allynn Walker, Social Problems, Vol. 24, No. 3 (Feb., 1977), pp. 367-376
L. Sloman, Reefer Madness: A history of Marijuana
FILM: Reefer Madness https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Azf320JDdqU
Michael N. Gomila y Robert D. Hanser, «The war on Drugs: a Review of U.S. Drug Policy», in Flawed criminal justice policies: at the intersection of the Media, Public Fear and Legislative Response, ed. Frances P. Reddington y Gene Bonham (North Carolina: Carolina Academic Press, 2012), 21-37
Richard J. Bonnie y Charles H. Whitebread II., The Marihuana Conviction: A History of Marihuana Prohibition in the United States (Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1974)
Week 5: Drugs and the Counterculture
How did attitudes to narcotics change in the 1950s? What role did race play?
Matthew D. Lassiter, “Pushers, Victims and the Lost Innocence of White Suburbia: California’s War on narcotics during the 1950s”, Journal of Urban History, 41.5 (2015), 787-807 (CORE READING)
To what extent was the 1960s drug trade "the finest lesson in untrammeled capitalism a young man could have"?
David Farber, “The Intoxicated/Illegal Nation: Drugs in the Sixties Counterculture.” In Imagine Nation: The American Counterculture of the 1960s and ’70s, edited by Peter Braunstein and Michael William Doyle, 17–40. New York: Routledge, 2002.(GROUP 1)
To what extent was 1960s drug culture a "quest for metaphysical illumination"?
"Drugs and the Baby Boomers' Quest for Metaphysical Illumination", Robert C. Fuller, Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions, Vol. 3, No. 1 (October 1999), pp. 100-118 and Devin R. Lander, Start Your Own Religion: New York State's Acid Churches, Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions, Vol. 14, No. 3 (February 2011), pp. 64-80 (GROUP 2)
Why did official attitudes to LSD change?
Martin A Lee and Cruce Shlain, Acid Dreams, The Complete Social History of LSD, Chapter 3 Chapter 6 (GROUP 3)
David Musto, The American Disease: Origins of Narcotic Control, Chapter 11 (In library as ebook)
James Swartz, Substance Abuse in America: A Documentary and Reference Guide, 109-118, 149-62
Elcock, Chris. “From Acid Revolution to Entheogenic Evolution: Psychedelic Philosophy in the Sixties and Beyond.” Journal of American Culture 36, no. 4 (2013): 296–311.
Smoke Signals: A Social History of Marijuana, Martin A. Lee, Chapter 3 Part 1 Part 2 Part 3
William Novak, High Culture, Marijuana in the Lives of Americans, 1980
Storming Heaven: LSD and the American Dream, Jay Stevens
D Lattin, The Harvard Psychadelic Club, How Timothy Leary... Killed the Fifties
Peter McGuire and Mike Ritter, Thai Stick: Surfers, Scammers, and the Untold Story of the Marijuana Trade
Orange Sunshine: The Brotherhood of Eternal Love and Its Quest to Spread Peace, Love, and Acid to the World by Nicholas Schou
Psychedelic Psychiatry: LSD from Clinic to Campus, Erika Dyck
Thomas Miller, The Hippies and American Values
Imagine Nation: The American Counterculture of the 1960's and 70's, by Peter Braunstein, Michael William Doyle
Heads and Freaks: Patterns and Meanings of Drug Use Among Hippies, Fred Davis, Laura Munoz, Journal of Health and Social Behavior, Vol. 9, No. 2, Special Issue on Recreational Drug Use (Jun., 1968), pp. 156-164
Jack Kerouac, On the Road
WIlliam Burroughs, Junky
Week 6: READING WEEK
Week 7: Drug Policy from the 1970s onwards: Race, Policing, and the Prison State
To what extent is the drug war responsible for mass incarceration?
Michelle Alexander, The New Jim Crow: Mass incarceration in the age of colorblindness, 97-139 (CORE READING) (Extract found at https://clas.warwick.ac.uk/Extracts/Index/AM421). Rest of book is non-core reading. AND John Pfaff, Locked In: The True Causes of Mass Incarceration and How to Achieve Real Reform, Introduction, (CORE READING)
What were the roots of mass incarceration?
Elizabeth Hinton, “A War within Our Own Boundaries”: Lyndon Johnson's Great Society and the Rise of the Carceral State" Journal of American History (JSTOR) and Ruth Wilson Gilmore, "Globalisation and US prison growth: from military Keynesianism to post-Keynesian militarism" Race & Class, (1999) (GROUP 1)
To what extent is mass incarceration a form of economic exploitation? What are its political effects?
Heather Ann Thompson, Why Mass Incarceration Matters, Journal of American History (JSTOR) and and Eric Schlosser, The Prison-Industrial Complex, The Atlantic, 1998 (GROUP 2)
What effects has mass incarceration had on society and social relations in the United States?
Ta-Nihisi Coates, The Black Family in the Age of Mass Incarceration, The Atlantic, October 2015, and Bruce Western, Christopher Wilderman, ‘The Black Family and Mass Incarceration’, The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 621 (2009), pp. 221-242 (GROUP 3)
What reasons do abolitionists give for prison abolition? How do they envisage it playing out?
Ruth WIlson Gilmore on Abolition https://theintercept.com/2020/06/10/ruth-wilson-gilmore-makes-the-case-for-abolition/ and Ruth Wilson GIlmore, Is Prison Necessary, New York Times (GROUP 4)
David Musto, The American Disease: Origins of Narcotic Control, Chapter 12 (In library as ebook)
Jeremy Travis, Bruce Western, and Steve Redburn (eds), The Growth of Incarceration in the United States: Exploring Causes and Consequences (Washington, 2014),
David F. Musto and Pamela Korsmeyer, The quest for drug control: politics and federal policy in a period of increasing substance abuse, 1963-1981 (Ebook in Library)
Journal of American History, June 2015 Special on Carceral State particularly articles by Elizabeth Hinton, Kali Nicole Gross
Elizabeth Hinton, From the War on Poverty to the War on Crime: The Making of Mass Incarceration in America
Golden Gulag: Prisons, Surplus, Crisis, and Opposition in Globalizing California By Ruth Wilson Gilmore
Khalil Gibran Muhammad, The Condemnation of Blackness: Race, Crime, and the Making of Modern Urban America
Sasha Abramsky, American Furies: Crime, Punishment and Vengeance in the Age of Mass Imprisonment
Films: The House I Live in, The 13th Amendment
Podcasts: The History of Mass Incarceration in the US
Bringing Down the New Jim Crow Radio Documentary Series
Week 8: Peruvian Cocaine
What role do doctors play in drug use and drug prohibition?
Paul Gootenberg, “A Forgotten Case of ‘Scientific Excellence on the Periphery’: The Nationalist Cocaine Science of Alfredo Bignon, 1884-1887,” Comparative Studies in Society and History, 49/1, (Jan. 2007), 202-32. CORE READING
Explain the rise and fall of Peru's national cocaine industry.
Paul Gootenberg, Andean Cocaine, The Making of a Global Drug Chapter 2 and 3 (GROUP 1)
To what extent did failed development projects shape coca production in Peru?
Paul Gootenberg, "Introduction" and Hernán Manrique and Maritza Paredes "Ideas of Modernization and Territorial Transformation in the Rise of Coca: The Case of the Upper Huallaga Valley, Peru" in Paul Gootenberg and Liliana Dávalos, The Origins of Cocaine: Colonization and Failed Development in the Amazon Andes (GROUP 2)
How did the cocaine industry change in the 1940s and 1950s?
Paul Gootenberg, “The ‘Pre-Colombian’ Era of Drug Trafficking in the Americas: Cocaine, 1945-1965,” The Americas, 64/2, (Oct. 2007), 133-76. (GROUP 3)
Thoumi, F (2003) Introduction & Overview. In: Illegal drugs, economy and society in the Andes. ed., Washington, D.C. : Woodrow Wilson Center Press ; Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. Ch.1, pp.1-11, (Extract found at https://clas.warwick.ac.uk/Extracts/Index/AM421)
Joseph Gagliano, Cocaine Prohibition in Peru
Enrique Obando, US policy in Peru, (Extract at https://clas.warwick.ac.uk/Extracts/Index/AM421)
Mariano Valderrama, "Questionable Alliances and the War on Drugs"
Cynthia McClintock, "The Evolution of Internal War in Peru: The Conjunction of Need, Creed, and Organizational Finance," Cynthia J. Arson and I. William Zartman, eds., Rethinking the Economics of War: The Intersection of Need, Creed, and Greed (Washington DC: Woodrow Wilson Center Press, 2005)
Jose E. Gonzales, "Guerrillas and Coca in the Upper Huallaga Valley," in David Scott Palmer, ed., Shining Path of Peru (New York: St. Martin's, 1994), pp. 126-30
Week 9: The rise of the Colombian "cartels"
Why did Colombia become a centre of the drug trade?
Francisco E Thoumi, "Why the Illegal Psychoactive Drugs Industry Grew in Colombia" Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs (1992) (CORE READING)
How did economic development policies shape Colombia's drug industry?
Jennifer S. Holmes, Viveca Pavón, and Sheila Amin Gutiérrez de Piñeres "Economic Development Policies in Colombia (1960s-1990s) and the Turn to Coca in the Andes Amazon" (GROUP 1)
How useful is the concept of the cartel? How is the drug trade actually organized?
Michael Kenney, From Pablo to Osama: Trafficking and Terrorist Networks, Chapters 1 (GROUP 2) Extract at https://clas.warwick.ac.uk/Extracts/Index/AM421. Chapters 2-4 are non-core reading.
What were the effects of the drug trade on social life in Medellín?
Mary Roldan, "Colombia: Cocaine and the Miracle of Modernity in Medellin: in Gootenberg (ed.), Cocaine: Global Histories (In library in ebook) (GROUP 3)
To what extent have drug trafficking organization become business enterprises?
Damian Zaitch, "Post-Fordist Cocaine", and Sidney Zabludoff, Colombian Narcotics Organizations as Business Enterprises, Transnational Organized Crime, 3.2 (1997), 20-49 (GROUP 4)
Lina Britto, Marijuana Boom: The Rise and Fall of Colombia’s First Drug Paradise (Oakland: University of California Press, 2020)
Dominic Streatfield, Cocaine, chapter 9-11
Week 10: Radical Politics, US Foreign Policy, and the Drug Trade in Colombia
To what extent has drug policy been forced on Colombia by the United States?
Jonathan D. Rosen, The Losing War : Plan Colombia and Beyond Chapter 2 and Chapter 4 CORE READING
Winifred Tate, Drugs, Thugs, and Diplomats: U.S. Policymaking in Colombia, Chapter 1 (GROUP 1)
Russell Crandell, "Explicit Narcotization: U.S. Policy toward Colombia during the Samper Administration" Latin American Politics and Society, JSTOR (GROUP 2)
Tom Long, Latin America Confronts the United States: Asymmetry and Influence, Chapter 5, pp. 174-216 (GROUP 3)
Olivier Villar, Cocaine, Death Squads, and the War on Terror: U.S. Imperialism and Class Struggle in Colombia
Coletta Youngers (ed.), Drugs and Democracy in Latin America, Chapter 4 and Chapters 1-3
Bergquist, C., Peñaranda, R. and Sánchez, G. G. (eds) (2001) 'Plan Colombia', in Violence in Colombia: 1990–2000. Scholarly Resources: Wilmington, 232–239.
Mark Peceny, "The FARC's Best Friend" in Latin American Politics and Society, JSTOR
Jennifer Holmes "Drugs, Violence, and Development in Colombia: A Department-Level Analysis" Latin American Politics and Society, JSTOR
Russell Crandell, Driven by Drugs: US Policy Towards Colombia
Spring Term
Week 1: Democratization and Violence in Brazil
How useful is the concept of "violent pluralism" for understanding the relationship between the state and gangs in Brazil?
Arias and Goldstein "Introduction" in Arias and Goldstein, Violent Democracies in Latin America, (Ebook in library) (CORE READING)
What does the story of Nemo tell us about the drug trade in Brazil? How representative in Nemo? What does it tell us about the use of violence? What does it tell us about the police and the state?
Misha Glenny, Nemesis : one man and the battle for Rio's biggest slum (GROUP 1)
What do Robert Gay's studies tell us about drugs, the state, gender, and families in Brazil's favelas?
Robert Gay, Lucia: Testimonies of a Brazilian (GROUP 2)
Robert Gay, Bruno, Conversations with a Brazilian Drug Dealer (GROUP 3)
Teresa Caldeira and James Holsten, Democracy and Violence in Brazil , Comparative Studies in Society and History, 44.1 1999 or here https://escholarship.org/content/qt0kg4x8w8/qt0kg4x8w8.pdf
Gay in Arias and Goldstein, Violent Democracies in Latin America, (ebook in library)
Adorno in Rotker, Citizens of Fear (Extract found at https://clas.warwick.ac.uk/Extracts/Index/AM421)
Enrique Arias, Drugs and Democracy in Rio de Janeiro
Enrique Arias, Criminal Enterprises and Governance in Latin America and the Caribbean
Film: Elite Troop I and II
Janice Pearlman, Favela
Film: City of God
Film: Elite Troop I and II
Film: Carindiru
Week 2: Youth gangs in Central America
Explain the rise of Central America's youth gangs.
Oscar Martinez and Juan Martinez, The Hollywood Kid: The Violent Life and Violent Death of an MS-13 Hitman CORE READING
Why does Rogers think that gangs emerged in 1990s Nicaragua? How did these change over time? What is "social death"?
Dennis Rogers, Living in the Shadow of Death: Gangs, Violence and Social Order in Urban Nicaragua, 1996-2002
Journal of Latin American Studies, Vol. 38, No. 2 (May, 2006), pp. 267-292 (GROUP 1)
How useful are top-down political science models for understanding the rise of Central America's youth gangs?
"Introduction" and Chapter 2 in Thomas Bruneau et al, Maras, Gang Violence and Security in Central America (ebook in library) and Ana Arana, How the Street Gangs took Central America, Foreign Affairs (GROUP 2)
Oscar Martinez, A History of Violence: Living and Dying in Central America
Deborah Levenson-Estrada, Adiós Niño: The Gangs of Guatemala City and the Politics of Death
Clare Ribando Seelke, Gangs in Central America, WOLA paper, http://fas.org/sgp/crs/row/RL34112.pdf
Mara Salvatrucha: The Most Dangerous Street Gang in the Americas? Sonja Wolf, Latin American Politics and Society, Vol. 54, No. 1 (Spring 2012), pp. 65-99
Robert Brennaman, Homies and Hermanos: God and Gangs in Central America
Gareth Jones and Dennis Rogers, Youth Violence in Latin America
Deborah Levinson, Adios Niños, The Gangs of Guatemala City
Dennis Rogers, Dying for It: Violence and Social Change in Urban Nicaragua
Week 3: The early Mexican trade, (1890-1960)
Why did Mexico prohibit marijuana?
Isaac Campos, “Degeneration and the Origins of the War on Drugs,” Mexican Studies/Estudios Mexicanos 26, no. 2 (2010): 379-408 CORE READING
Why did women play such key roles in the Mexican drug trade?
Elaine Carey, "Selling is More of a Habit" Journal of Women's History, (2009) (GROUP 1)
What was the relationship between the Mexican state and the early Mexican drug trade?
Benjamin T. Smith, Chapters 2, 3, 4 of The Dope: The Real History of the Mexican Drug Wars (GROUP 2)
Why did Mexico soften legislation towards narcotics in the 1930s?
Nathaniel Morris, Serrano Communities and Subaltern Negotiation Strategies: The Local Politics of Opium Production in Mexico Social History of Alcohol and Drugs
Benjamin Smith, "The Rise and Fall of Narcopopulism", Journal for the Study of Radicalism (2013)
Isaac Campos, Home grown: marijuana and the origins of Mexico's war on drugs
Benjamin T. Smith, Drug Policies in Mexico, 1900-1980, Beatriz C.Labate, Clancy Cavnar, & Thiago Rodrigues, (eds.), Drug Policies and the Politics of Drugs in Latin America. (Cham: Switzerland, Springer International Publishing, 2016)
Isaac Campos, A diplomatic failure: the Mexican role in the demise of the 1940 Reglamento Federal de Toxicomanías, Third World Quarterly (2017)
Elaine Carey, Women Drug Traffickers: Mules, Bosses, and Organized Crime
Nicole Mottier, Drug Gangs and Politics in Ciudad Juarez, Mexican Studies/Estudios Mexicanos
Celia Toro, Mexico's War on Drugs: Causes and Consequences
Week 4: Beatniks, Hippies and the Boom
Why did Mexico become the hippies' drug meccha? How did it change the Mexican drug trade?
Benjamin T. Smith, Chapters 13 and 14 of The Dope: The Real History of the Mexican Drug Wars CORE READING
The Mexican Connection (FILM) (GROUP 1)
Acapulco Gold (Film) (GROUP 2)
Jerry Kamstra, Weed: Adventures of a Dope Smuggler, Part 1 Part 2 Part 3 Part 4
Jorge Garca̕-Robles, The stray bullet : William S. Burroughs in Mexico
Jorge Garca̕-Robles, At the end of the road : Jack Kerouac in Mexico
Bonnie Bremser Frazer, Troia: Mexican memoirs
Week 5: The First War on Drugs (1970-1980)
Why did Mexico crack down on the drug trade?
Richard B Craig, Operation Condor: Mexico's Antidrug Campaign enters a New era, Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs 1980 CORE READING
What effects did this have in the southern state of Guerrero?
Alexander Aviña "A War Against Poor People" in México Beyond 1968 : Revolutionaries, Radicals, and Repression During the Global Sixties and Subversive Seventies / edited by Jaime M. Pensado and Enrique C. Ochoa (GROUP 1)
What were the effects on Mexican human rights?
Richard B Craig, Human Rights and Mexico's Antidrug Campaign, Social Science Quarterly 1980 (GROUP 2)
How did the crackdown affect the drug trade?
Benjamin T. Smith, Chapters 15 and 16 of The Dope: The Real History of the Mexican Drug Wars (GROUP 3)
Daniel Weimer, Seeing Drugs on Mexico (Extract found at https://clas.warwick.ac.uk/Extracts/Index/AM421)
Francisco Ortiz Pinchetti, et al, La Operacion Condor
Peter Dale Scott, American War Machine, Chapter 2
Richard B Craig, La Campaña Permanente: Mexico's Anti-Drug Campaign, Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs 1978
Peter Watt and Robert Zepeda, Drug War Mexico, Chapter 2
Celia Toro, Mexico's War on Drugs: Causes and Consequences
Week 6 Reading Week
Week 7: The Rise of the Cartels and the Role of the State, 1980-2000
How did the relationship between the state and the drug trade change during the 1980s and 1990s?
Terrence Poppa, Drug lord : the life & death of a Mexican kingpin : a true story CORE READING
How did the relationship between the security agencies and the Mexican drug trade change?
Paul Kenny and Mónica Serrano, "The Mexican state and organized crime : an unending story" in Paul Kenny and Mónica Serrano, Mexico's security failure : collapse into criminal violence, pp. 29-53 (Extract found at https://clas.warwick.ac.uk/Extracts/Index/AM421) GROUP 1
What effect did NAFTA have on the drug trade?
Peter Andreas, Border Games: Policing the US-Mexico Divide (Cornell, 2009) Chapters 3 and 4 GROUP 2
Why did drug traffickers assert control over the state during the 1990s?
Benjamin T. Smith, Chapter 20 of The Dope: The Real History of the Mexican Drug Wars GROUP 3
Peter Lupsha, Transnational NarcoCorruption (Extract found at https://clas.warwick.ac.uk/Extracts/Index/AM421) ,
Carlos Flores Perez, "Political Protection and the Origins of the Gulf Cartel" in Tony Payan, Kathleen Staudt, Z. Anthony Kruszewski, A War that Cannot Be Won: Binational Perspectives on the War on Drugs.
Peter Dale Scott "The CIA and Right-Wing Narcoterrorism in Latin America" in Cocaine Politics, Chapter 2 especially pp. 33-40
Otis B. Fly-Wheel, Pablo Acosta and the Plaza System, Borderland Beat
Mexico's security failure : collapse into criminal violence / edited by Paul Kenny and Mónica Serrano ; with Arturo Sotomayor
Elaine Shannon, Desperados
Peter Watt and Robert Zepeda, Drug War Mexico, Chapter 3
Charles Bowden, Down by the River
Week 8: The Drug War, 2006-2019
Why has the post-2006 "war on drugs" been so bloody?
Benjamin Lessing, Making Peace in Drugs Wars, Chapters 1 and 7 (CORE READING)
What role has democratization played in escalating drug violence?
Guillermo Trejo and Sandra Ley, Why Did Drug Cartels Go to War in Mexico? Subnational Party Alternation, the Breakdown of Criminal Protection, and the Onset of Large-Scale Violence, Comparative Political Studies (GROUP 1)
Why hide bodies? What reasons does Durán Martínez give for escalating drug violence?
Angélica Durán-Martínez, The politics of drug violence : criminals, cops and politicians in Colombia and Mexico Chapters 5 and 6 (GROUP 2)
What role has the justice system played in escalating drug violence?
Beatriz Magaloni, Luis Rodríguez, "Torture as a Method of Criminal Prosecution: Democratization, Criminal Justice Reform, and the Mexican Drug War" and David Shirk, Criminal Justice Reform in Mexico, Cejamericas, (GROUP 3)
Julien Mercille, "Violent Narco-Cartels or US Hegemony" in Third World Quarterly, (2011)
Guillermo Trejo and Sandra Ley, Votes, Drugs, and Violence: The Political Logic of Criminal Wars in Mexico
Daniel Sabet, Police reform in Mexico: informal politics and the challenge of institutional change
Ioan Grillo, El Narco : the bloody rise of Mexican drug cartels
Jorge Chabat "Drug trafficking and United States--Mexico relations : causes of conflict" in Mexico's security failure : collapse into criminal violence / edited by Paul Kenny and Mónica Serrano ; with Arturo Sotomayor
Mónica Serrano y Paul Kenny, Mexico’s Security Failure: Collapse into Criminal Violence (New York: Routledge, 2012)
Tony Payan, The Three US-Mexico Border Wars
Anabel Hernandez, Narcoland
Peter Watt and Roberto Zepeda, Drug war Mexico : politics, neoliberalism and violence in the new narcoeconomy
Guadalupe Correa-Cabrera, Los Zetas Inc.: criminal corporations, energy, and Civil War in Mexico
Week 9 : Narcoculture
Why has narcoculture become so central to everyday life in Mexico? What meaning does it have? What role does gender play in this?
Shaylih Muehlmann, When I Wear My Alligator Boots: Narco-Culture in the U.S. Mexico Borderlands (CORE READING)
To what extent is narcoculture part of a narco-sphere? Is this a useful concept?
Paul Eiss in Latin American Perspectives, Issue 195, March 2014 (GROUP 1)
To what extent is narcoculture simple propaganda?
Howard Campell in Latin American Perspectives, Issue 195, March 2014 (GROUP 2)
What values do listeners of narcocorridos glean from the songs?
Gabriela Polit Duenas, Narrating Narcos
Herman Herlinghaus, Narco-Epics,
Carlos Fuentes, Adam in Eden
Paco Ignacio Taibo II, Frontera Dreams
Elijah Wald, Narcocorrido: A Journey into the Music of Drugs
Sam Quinones, "The Ballad of Chalino Sanchez" in Sam Quinones, True Tales from Another Mexico
Mark Edberg, El Narcotrafficante: Narcocorridos and the Construction of a Cultural Persona
Guy Fricano, Social banditry and the Public Persona of Joaquin "El Chapo" Guzman, Small Wars Journal
Documentary: Narcocultura
Week 10: Civil society, democracy, and violence in Mexico
How has civil society responded to the escalating violence of the drug war?
Film: Cartel Land (CORE WATCHING)
Sergio Aguayo et al, Defeating Los Zetas: Organized Crime, the State and organized society in La Laguna, Mexico, 2007-2014 (CORE READING)
Ioan Grillo, Gangster warlords : drug dollars, killing fields and the new politics of Latin America, Part V
Carolina Robledo Silvestre, "Combing history against the grain: The search for truth amongst Mexico’s hidden graves" in in Wil G. Pansters, Benjamin T. Smith, Peter Watt (eds), Beyond the Drug War in Mexico: Human rights, the public sphere and justice (London: Routledge, 2017)
Robert Andrew Powell, This love is not for cowards: salvation and soccer in Ciudad Juárez
Ricardo Ainslie, The fight to save Juárez: life in the heart of Mexico's drug war
Romain Le Cour Grandmaison, "VIGILAR Y LIMPIAR”: IDENTIFICATION AND SELF-HELP JUSTICEMAKING
IN MICHOACÁN, MEXICO", Politix, 2016.
Daniel Sabet, "The Role of Citizens and Civil Society in Mexico's Security Crisis" in Tony Payan, Kathleen Staudt, Z. Anthony Kruszewski, A War that Cannot Be Won: Binational Perspectives on the War on Drugs.
Wil Pansters, We had to pay to live: Competing Sovereignties in Contemporary Mexico, Conflict and Society
Wil G. Pansters, Benjamin T. Smith, Peter Watt (eds), Beyond the Drug War in Mexico: Human rights, the public sphere and justice (London: Routledge, 2017)
Patricio Asfura Heim, The Rise of Mexico's Self-Defence Forces, Foreign Affairs
Salvador Maldonaldo, Stories of Drug Trafficking in Rural Mexico, European Review of Latin American and Caribbean Studies
Why I protest: Javier Sicilia of Mexico, Time Magazine,
Dudley Althus, Mexico's Security Dilemma, Wilson Center Paper
Howard Campbell, Drug War Zone: Frontline Dispatches from the Streets of El Paso and Juarez
Balan, Rotker and Pizzaro in Susanne Rotker, Citizens of Fear
Pansters and Castillo Berthier in Kees Koonings and Kirk Kruijt, Fractured Cities
John Bailey and Roy Godson, Organised Crime and Democratic Governability
George Grayson, Mexico: Narco-Violence and a Failed State
Charles Bowden, Down by the River: Drugs, money, murder
Why I protest, Time Magazine,
Dudley Althus, Mexico's Security Dilemma, Wilson Center Paper
Week 1: Revision
Week 2: Revision
Summer