Dr Caleyachetty's work focuses on global health. In particular, Dr Caleyachetty is interested in the prevention and control of non-communicable diseases including obesity, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, both in the UK and in low and middle-income country settings. His work is documented in The Lancet Global Health, The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology, PLOS Medicine, Journal of the American College of Cardiology and the American Journal of Public Health. He has also co-written book chapters on childhood obesity and eating disorders. His work has been featured in the BBC, The Guardian, The Times, The Independent, The Daily Mail, The Sun, and multiple international news outlets including Fox News, The New York Post, The New York Times, CNBC, and The Times of India (Delhi). He has also appeared on the BBC Victoria Derbyshire show and BBC Radio Scotland.

Dr Caleyachetty completed his undergraduate medical training at King's College London Medical School in London, England, received a masters degree in epidemiology from the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine and a PhD in epidemiology from the University of Cambridge. He was a Fulbright Scholar 2012-2013 at The Department of Health Policy & Management, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York. Dr Caleyachetty was Technical Adviser to the Ministry of Health & Quality of Life in the Republic of Mauritius 2013-2014. He serves as member of the UK All-Party Parliamentary Group's Obesity Strategic Council. He is also an editorial adviser to the International Health journal.