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Record-breaking temperatures were recorded across the globe in 2023. Without climate action, adverse climate-related health impacts are expected to worsen worldwide, affecting billions of people. Temperatures in Europe are warming at twice the rate of the global average, threatening the health of populations across the continent and leading to unnecessary loss of life. The Lancet Countdown in Europe was established in 2021, to assess the health profile of climate change aiming to stimulate European social and political will to implement rapid health-responsive climate mitigation and adaptation actions. In 2022, the collaboration published its indicator report, tracking progress on health and climate change via 33 indicators and across five domains.
As a basic physical parameter, temperature plays an important role in science and industry areas. The cavity optomechanics especially the spring effect provide an ideal platform for precision measurement. Here, we bridge between optical sensitization and optomechanical transduction by fabricating a liquid-core microbubble resonator to realize dual sensitization enhancement. The high thermo-optic coefficient liquid is injected into the microbubble to increase the temperature sensitivity of optical resonant peak shift. The optomechanical spring effect is used to transduce the amplified optical shift to mechanical frequency change and further enhance the temperature response. Through the enhancement combination of optical and mechanical methods, we have achieved a sensitivity of 8.1 MHz/°C, which is at least two orders of magnitude higher than traditional optomechanical approaches. The temperature resolution is estimated as high as 5.3×10 -5 °C with mechanical frequency linewidth 8.6 kHz. A capillary ethanol evaporation experiment is constructed to demonstrate capability of the tiny temperature fluctuations measurement. The novel dual approach greatly enhanced the ultra-high resolution sensing capability and have a flexible sensitivity adjust potential with simply injecting different liquids.
This chapter surveys the national reports on invalidity in the different jurisdictions and attempts to draw some conclusions. On some topics, it finds close similarities in both reasoning and results; on others there are marked contrasts in both analysis and outcome. For example, in laws heavily influenced by the Napoleonic or the Germanic systems, the focus is on the victim, the party seeking relief; and relief may be given on the basis that the victim only agreed to the contract because her consent was impaired; while the 'common law' systems focus on the other party's behaviour. Thus, in the civilian-based laws A may be able avoid the contract on the ground that she was mistaken as to the facts, and would not have entered it had she known the truth; in the common law systems, A will be given relief only if her mistake was caused by a misrepresentation by B. Nor do the common law systems accept 'fraud by silence'. So in cases of 'self-induced' mistakes of fact, outcomes under the civilian systems are very different to those under the common law systems. The chapter ends by asking why these differences persist: path dependency? Differing views on the proper role of contract law in society? Differences in the type of case that come before the courts, or envisaged by the legislator, in each country? Or is it simply that lawyers from one kind of system have seldom considered systems with a different pedigree?
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